Alzheimer's disease: The complexities of clinical trials

Subspecialization in oncology is increasing, but varies widely across cancer types and regions, according to a study published online Aug. 12 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Cancer of the voice box or larynx is an important public health burden. In 2021, there were an estimated 1.1 million cases of laryngeal cancer worldwide, and approximately 100,000 people died from it. Risk factors include smoking, alcohol abuse, and infection with human papillomavirus. The prognosis for laryngeal cancer ranges from 35% to 78% survival over five years when treated, depending on the tumor's stage and its location within the voice box.

Using dollar stores for food purchases may be a common practice for Americans looking to free up funds for the rest of their grocery list, researchers from Tufts University School of Medicine, the Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, and the USDA-Economic Research Service report in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

An international team, led by scientists from the Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, has studied around 3,000 people affected by the heart disease dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)—a driver of heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed whether weight loss interventions before in vitro fertilization (IVF) improved reproductive outcomes. The review found that weight loss interventions before IVF could increase the chances of pregnancy, especially in unassisted conception, although the effect on live births was unclear. The findings are published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Among the many forms of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is a complex disease with multiple aggressive subtypes that are difficult to treat.

A new UC Berkeley study shows that the so-called love hormone oxytocin is also critical for the formation of friendships. The paper is published in the journal Current Biology.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the single-dose Ajovy (fremanezumab-vfrm) injection for the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in children and adolescents.

A large-scale study from the University of Michigan and University of Minnesota finds no evidence for a long-believed association between musical training and enhanced neural processing of sounds at the early stages of auditory processing.

When cells expire, they leave behind an activity log of sorts: RNA expelled into blood plasma that reveals changes in gene expression, cellular signaling, tissue injury and other biological processes.

After Russia's full-scale invasion, thousands of patients have been transferred from Ukraine to other European countries. A study by the University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital showed that 8% of Ukrainian refugees had been hospitalized due to war injuries. Almost 80% of them carried multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria.

Planetary health and human health are closely interconnected. What harms the environment, whether in the short or long term, also affects human health. With this planetary health approach, a pioneering study in Spain has quantified for the first time the health damage caused by the environmental impacts of our food demand. The results reveal that the consumption of meat, fish and seafood, and dairy products accounts for 55% of the damage to human health.

Pioneering research has uncovered a cunning way to curry favor with diners' food choices, so they're more likely to select meals which have a much lower carbon footprint and reduced fat content.

A paper published in BMJ Open led by researchers from the University of Birmingham highlights how few studies conducted into athlete help-seeking for mental health have looked into support provided by semi-formal sources such as coaches, with the majority of research conducted on formal sources.

New preclinical research in Neuropsychopharmacology focuses on the unique mechanism and site of action of evenamide as a potential treatment for schizophrenia.

Dr. Anis Ahmed, clinical lead in psychiatry at Aston Medical School, has co-written an article looking at the mental health challenges for the victims of "enforced disappearances."

A research team from the University Hospital Bonn (UKB), the University of Bonn, and the Medical Center—University of Freiburg has gained new insights into the brain processes involved in encoding and retrieving new memory content. The study is based on measurements of individual nerve cells in people with epilepsy and shows how they follow an internal rhythm. The work has now been published in the journal Nature Communications.

Mitochondria, the tiny organelles without which our bodies would be deprived of energy, are gradually revealing their mysteries. In a study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers from Inserm and the University of Bordeaux at the NeuroCentre Magendie, in collaboration with researchers from the Université de Moncton in Canada, have for the first time succeeded in establishing a causal link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the cognitive symptoms associated with neurodegenerative diseases.