Computational framework sheds light on how the brain's decision-making is impacted in psychiatric disorders

SGLT-2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs should be used in all or almost all adults with type 2 diabetes at higher risk of cardiovascular and kidney complications, and in the majority of adults at moderate risk of complications, says a panel of international experts in The BMJ.

Eye tracking has proved valuable for assessing whether the user of a prosthetic arm perceives the device as a part of their body or experiences additional cognitive load in manipulating the artificial limb. In the experiments, when the test subject received feedback from the prosthesis in the form of electrical stimulation, the user was less likely to look at the limb and therefore did not concentrate their attention on the device as much.

In lupus nephritis, attainment of complete renal response (CRR)/partial renal response (PRR) and lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) is associated with best relapse-free survival, with independent associations seen with lupus nephritis relapse risk reduction, according to a study published online July 20 in Arthritis Care & Research.

Compared with other dietary indices, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) provide chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk discrimination, according to a study published online Aug. 5 in Renal Failure.

Imagine you decide to walk to the park. As you head out the front door, you take a left and walk for about a block. At that point, you realize it would've been a faster journey if you had taken a right turn when you'd left your house. Though you're still close enough to head back to your front door and go on the faster route, would you turn back?

Scientists have developed a faster method for measuring the elasticity of airway walls, a property that can reveal important information about respiratory health. The technique, reported in the Journal of Biomedical Optics, could help assess conditions such as airway obstruction or burn injury during a standard bronchoscopy exam, without adding significant time or risk to the procedure.

The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented challenge worldwide, but for many mothers, it brought an even heavier burden. Mothers took on increased responsibilities at home—from childcare to remote learning—while also navigating disruptions in work and personal life. These added demands contributed to rising stress levels, mental health concerns and a loss of identity for many.

The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) has developed a diagnostic platform that amplifies the unique optical signals of molecules by more than a hundred million times, enabling the precise detection and quantification of trace amounts of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in body fluids.

Cerebral palsy affects around one in 345 children in the U.S., and more than half of them experience a problem called dystonia—involuntary and often painful muscle contractions, most commonly in the legs, that lead to abnormal movement and postures and make regular activities such as walking difficult.

Origin-recognition complex (ORC) plays an unexpectedly broad role in the regulation of human cell gene expression, according to a study in the journal Cell Reports.

Childhood contact allergies have increased markedly in Finland over the past two decades, according to a study conducted at the University of Oulu. The rise is especially notable in allergies caused by chemicals in cosmetics and adhesives.

Northwestern Medicine scientists have discovered how a subset of immune cells are essential for successful organ transplantation acceptance and that therapeutically targeting them may improve long-term survival post-transplant, according to a recent study published in The Journal of Clinical Investigation.

Cholera has claimed at least 40 lives in Sudan's Darfur region over the last week as the country weathers its worst outbreak in years, Doctors Without Borders (MSF) said on Thursday.

Survival for all cancers combined has increased dramatically since the 1970s, but progress has slowed down in the past 10–15 years, according to a study by the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM).

A study published in The Journal of Rural Health sheds new light on the persistent and troubling disparities in chronic pain prevalence between rural and urban populations in the United States.

A study by ethnobotanist Hemerson Dantas dos Santos Pataxó Hãhãhãi has revived the ancestral healing knowledge of his Indigenous people. Currently a doctoral student at the Institute of Environmental, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the Federal University of São Paulo (ICAQF-UNIFESP) in Brazil, he belongs to the Pataxó Hã-Hã-Hãi people. According to his doctoral advisor, Eliana Rodrigues, he is the world's first Indigenous ethnobotanical researcher.

While smoking rates in the United States have substantially declined over the past six decades, smoking remains high among people with low incomes, leading to health disparities. A smartphone app that delivers real-time, tailored messages may hold the key to helping them quit, according to University of Oklahoma clinical trial results published in JAMA Network Open.

Shedding light on what determines how cells become what they are meant to be—nerves, bone, muscles, etc.—can also help researchers understand how diseases develop when these biological programs break down. Now, researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered a key synergistic role for two epigenetic markers—molecules that help tell genes to turn on and off—involved in programming cell fate. Importantly, turning off these two markers causes genes to over-activate, disrupting normal cell development.