Rethinking how bone marrow works with a unified framework

About 50% of menopausal women experience genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) that involves changes to the genitals, including the vagina, urethra and bladder. When estrogen levels drop during menopause, it can cause the GSM symptoms of vaginal dryness, itching, burning, frequent urinary tract infections and pain during sex. Replenishing the hormone through vaginal estrogen is an effective GSM treatment. But many breast cancer survivors either can't or don't want to use estrogen.

The number of people living with dementia worldwide was estimated at 57 million in 2021 with nearly 10 million new cases recorded each year. In the U.S., dementia impacts more than 6 million lives, and the number of new cases is expected to double over the next few decades, according to a 2025 study. Despite advancements in the field, a full understanding of disease-causing mechanisms is still lacking.

Elironrasib led to meaningful and durable responses in patients with metastatic KRAS G12C-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including after prior treatment with KRAS G12C inhibitors and in the presence of features linked to KRAS inhibitor resistance, according to data from a phase I trial presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics, held October 22-26.

Researchers led by investigators at Mass General Brigham and Massachusetts Institute of Technology have validated an ingestible capsule in preclinical models for the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia, a condition caused by blocked or reduced blood flow to the intestines. The research is published in Science Robotics.

Nearly one-third of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in an Indian cohort have achieved remission through an intensive lifestyle intervention program, according to a study published in PLOS One by Pramod Tripathi of the Freedom from Diabetes Clinic & Diabetes Research Foundation, India, and colleagues.

Feeding in mammals is controlled by a complex neural system. Although several key neural pathways related to total calorie intake have been extensively studied, it is still unclear how food choices are regulated and how they influence overall feeding behavior.

Zenocutuzumab (Bizengri), a bispecific antibody that targets human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER3, led to responses in more than a third of patients with neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-positive cholangiocarcinoma, according to results from the phase II eNRGy clinical trial presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets, held October 22–26.

Ocular fluids provide a window into the health of the eye and the development of various pathologies. However, their study usually involves invasive techniques. "A wide range of eye diseases are being investigated, but the methods for obtaining aqueous humor and vitreous humor, the fluids inside the eye, are highly invasive, which limits their applicability in routine clinical practice," explains Marta San Roque, Ph.D. student in the Innovation in Vesicles and Cells for Application in Therapy (IVECAT) Group at the Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP).

Zocilurtatug pelitecan (zoci), also known as ZL-1310, an investigational antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that targets the protein DLL3, demonstrated both safety and capacity to induce anticancer responses in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) according to results from a phase I clinical trial presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics, held October 22-26.

FX-909, a first-in-class investigational oral small molecule inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), showed early signs of clinical benefit in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma, according to results from a phase I clinical trial presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics, held October 22–26 in Boston.

Too tired to drive? What seems like a harmless yawn can quickly become a risk as dangerous as drunk driving. According to a 2025 survey from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 41% of U.S. adults have felt so sleepy while driving that it affected their ability to drive safely, including half of men (50%) and one-third of women (33%).

Among survivors of drug overdose, fewer than half visited the emergency department, according to a study published online Oct. 16 in JAMA Network Open.

A University of Alberta research team is shedding much-needed light on cancer cachexia, a severe muscle-wasting syndrome linked to up to a third of cancer deaths.

Triple-negative breast cancer is one of the most aggressive cancers. The name tells the story: It lacks the three main targets that make other types of breast cancers more treatable with powerful therapies.

More than 50% of lung-transplant recipients experience a rejection of their new lung within five years of receiving it, yet the reason why this is such a prevalent complication has remained a medical mystery.

The "2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC)," published today in the journal, Circulation, marks the first full revision of lifesaving resuscitation guidance since 2020. Among the updates are expanded recommendations for managing choking and suspected opioid overdose, in addition to other lifesaving interventions.

The maker of Tylenol is urging U.S. health regulators not to add an autism warning label to it and other pain-relievers containing acetaminophen, calling the request "unsupported by the scientific evidence and legally and procedurally improper."

More than 6 million eggs sold under the Black Sheep Egg Company brand have been recalled after federal officials detected multiple strains of salmonella at one of its processing facilities.