Mediterranean diet combined with calorie reduction and exercise may reduce risk of type 2 diabetes

A new blood test pioneered by diagnostics company AOA Dx (AOA) can detect ovarian cancer in symptomatic women with high accuracy, a study by researchers from the Universities of Manchester and Colorado has found.

To move around in their surroundings in meaningful and goal-directed ways, a skill known as navigation, humans and animals rely on a series of complex cognitive (i.e., mental) processes. Navigation is also supported by the so-called head direction system, a neural network that keeps track of the direction in which an animal is facing, acting as an "internal compass."

Developmental scientists and medical social science experts at Northwestern University have spearheaded the creation of the most recent NIH Toolbox, providing the newest nationally standardized assessment of cognitive, language, motor and social-emotional skill development in infants aged 16 days to 42 months.

If you spend any time gardening, you probably understand what I mean when I say it feels good—despite the lifting, sweating and straining involved. Yes, exercise is good for our bodies, but there's something about digging in the dirt while listening to a bird soundtrack that lifts my spirits. Even the scent of the soil and mulch makes me happy.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric illnesses worldwide, but its molecular causes have still not been clearly identified. A research team has discovered that depression may not simply be caused by neuronal damage, but can also arise from the dysregulation of specific neural signaling pathways. In particular, they identified the molecular reason why elderly patients with depression do not respond to conventional antidepressants.

A new study led by researchers at National Jewish Health has found that recent infection with the common cold—often caused by rhinoviruses—may offer temporary protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The research provides fresh insight into why children are less likely than adults to develop symptoms and could point toward new ways to reduce the severity of respiratory illnesses.

Sustained hypoxia affects orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by altering osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation, report researchers from the Institute of Science Tokyo, Japan. Hypoxic conditions resulted in reduced alveolar bone levels after OTM and lower expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. These findings, observed in a rat model, provide critical insights into the bone remodeling process in OTM under hypoxia.

Three widely used artificial intelligence chatbots generally do a good job responding to very-high-risk and very-low-risk questions about suicide, but they are inconsistent in answering questions about suicide that may pose intermediate risks, according to a new study appearing in Psychiatric Services.

An analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) among 5,374 women of reproductive age indicates that two thirds of women within this demographic have at least one modifiable risk factor, such as low folate status or unmanaged diabetes, that can increase the chance of serious birth defects.

A systematic review analyzed the associations of high-concentration delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabis products with mental health outcomes. The review found that high-concentration THC products are associated with unfavorable mental health outcomes, particularly for psychosis or schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder (CUD).

Researchers from the University of Maryland School of Medicine have developed a new and highly effective application of an artificial intelligence (AI) tool to quickly scan notes in electronic medical records and identify high-risk patients who may have been infected with H5N1 avian influenza or "bird flu," according to new findings published in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Researchers at VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a new computational tool called Vesalius, which could help clinicians understand the complex relationships between cancer cells and their surrounding cells, leading to potential discoveries regarding the development of hard-to-treat cancers.

Inflammatory bowel disease, in which the immune system attacks the gut, is a painful chronic condition that affects three million Americans. Rates of IBD are rising, and there's currently no cure. IBD can also be deadly: Up to 8% of people with the disease develop blood clots, which can lead to heart attack and stroke.

Over seven million Americans are living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the heartbreaking day-to-day battle with the effects of cognitive decline. According to the Alzheimer's Association, the brain changes that cause the disease actually begin 20 years or more before symptoms start, highlighting the critical need for early and accurate diagnosis. However, current diagnostic tools involve painful spinal taps, expensive scans and cognitive tests that can be limited in their accuracy.

Our bodies follow a natural 24-hour cycle known as the circadian rhythm that influences everything from sleep to metabolism. While scientists have long known that certain core circadian clock genes help regulate these rhythms, a new study led by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine reveals that there is an additional layer of regulation—diet interacts with an individual's genetic makeup, influencing daily patterns of gene activity in the liver, especially those related to fat metabolism.

One of the most captivating mysteries about the immune system is how it manages to keep its healthy equilibrium—staying on high alert and ready to react to harmful invaders or damaged cells, while remaining calm in the presence of innocent triggers such as food.

Discharging a patient to a skilled nursing facility or other type of post-acute care facility after surgery can add more than $5,000 to care costs and is associated with worse outcomes for older adult patients.

Most research suggests that opioid overdoses involving multiple substances in the United States typically occur among people aged 25–54. However, a new study led by Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) and Mass General Brigham for Children indicates that polysubstance-involved opioid overdoses are also prevalent among youth.