Optimists are alike, every pessimist has their own way: Researchers explore patterns of neural activity

In a study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia, a team led by Dr. Sha Feng from the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences—collaborating with Dr. Jed A. Barash from the Massachusetts Veterans Home at Chelsea and Prof. W. Andrew Kofke from the University of Pennsylvania—has found that regular opioid use is associated with an increased risk of dementia, particularly vascular dementia.

Many people with cancer experience dramatic loss of muscle and fat tissue. In many cases, even the heart muscle is affected, which further weakens the body. This wasting syndrome, known as cachexia, affects around half of all cancer patients. It is a major cause of therapy resistance, complications, and increased mortality.

Found in everything from protein bars to energy drinks, erythritol has long been considered a safe alternative to sugar. But new research suggests this widely-used sweetener may be quietly undermining one of the body's most crucial protective barriers—with potentially serious consequences for heart health and stroke risk.

A new study by researchers at Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health has identified that uranium's isotopic composition can be used as a biomarker to noninvasively measure accumulation of uranium in the kidneys. Uranium from drinking water can accumulate in the kidneys—even at low levels of exposure—and this newly identified biomarker may serve as an early warning sign of kidney damage.

A new study led by researchers at Mount Sinai Health System has identified distinct biological signatures in patients with mild Crohn's disease, offering a potential pathway toward more personalized and less aggressive treatment strategies.

Research in the International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics discusses a new approach to demand forecasting for the pharmaceutical retail sector based on an artificial intelligence model. The findings hold promise for improving accuracy in one of the industry's most persistent logistical challenges: managing sales that swing sharply during promotional periods. The new system works better than traditional models by distinguishing between routine demand and the short-term surges driven by marketing campaigns.

In a recent landmark study, scientists have unveiled how HIV-1 penetrates the cell's nuclear barrier—a discovery that could reshape antiviral strategies. The research, led by Professor Peijun Zhang, eBIC director at Diamond, used cutting-edge cryo-electron microscopy to capture HIV-1 viral cores in the process of nuclear import—an elusive but critical step in the virus's life cycle.

It is a common belief that mental illness runs in families. While it is true that heredity plays a role, in reality, the vast majority of cases—such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and borderline personality disorder—occur in people without any known hereditary predisposition.

Children who carry a particularly high number of genetic variants associated with ADHD also have a statistically greater risk of experiencing severe neglect and childhood maltreatment.

New research from The University of Texas at Arlington reveals that social media platforms can play a potentially life-saving role for young people navigating difficult circumstances at home.

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with increased risk of benign salivary gland tumors, according to a research letter published online July 17 in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery.

Rural hospital closures directly impact the health of rural Americans by reducing access to care. New research from the University of Minnesota School of Public Health sheds light on another consequence of these closures: rising prices at "surviving" rural hospitals. This first-of-its-kind analysis shows that when a rural hospital closes, it eliminates a low-price, potentially more affordable hospital from the region. Moreover, commercial prices at nearby hospitals increased by 3.6% in the years following a closure.

For generations, women have relied on informal networks of friends, family and neighbors to navigate the complexities of birth and motherhood. Today, research is finally catching up to what generations of women have known: Peer support can be a lifeline.

People are diverse, and the environments they live in may influence them differently. This broad diversity increases the need for neuroimaging studies that collect data from large communities.

In a new JNeurosci paper, Julie Royo, from the Institute of Cerveau, and colleagues explored the neuroanatomy that underlies social dominance in nonhuman primates.

A comprehensive new Royal Life Saving Australia study has found a significant reduction in drowning rates, particularly among young children, but highlights continuing challenges among migrant and regional populations and in locations including rivers and beaches.

In a 2022 survey of 3,000 U.S. adults, more than one-third of respondents reported that on most days, they feel "completely overwhelmed" by stress. At the same time, a growing body of research is documenting the negative health consequences of higher stress levels, which include increased rates of cancer, heart disease, autoimmune conditions and even dementia.

An international research team led from Uppsala University has identified new mechanisms behind how the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma spreads in the brain. Targeting the identified connection between the tumor invasion routes and the tumor cell states could be a potential new treatment strategy.